Add Job and secrets support for k8s-kind deployments (#995)

Part of https://plan.wireit.in/deepstack/browse/VUL-315

Reviewed-on: https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/pulls/995
Co-authored-by: Prathamesh Musale <prathamesh.musale0@gmail.com>
Co-committed-by: Prathamesh Musale <prathamesh.musale0@gmail.com>

TODO.md

@@ -7,6 +7,25 @@ We need an "update stack" command in stack orchestrator and cleaner documentatio
 
 **Context**: Currently, `deploy init` generates a spec file and `deploy create` creates a deployment directory. The `deployment update` command (added by Thomas Lackey) only syncs env vars and restarts - it doesn't regenerate configurations. There's a gap in the workflow for updating stack configurations after initial deployment.
 
+## Bugs
+
+### `deploy create` doesn't auto-generate volume mappings for new pods
+
+When a new pod is added to `stack.yml` (e.g. `monitoring`), `deploy create`
+does not generate default host path mappings in spec.yml for the new pod's
+volumes. The deployment then fails at scheduling because the PVCs don't exist.
+
+**Expected**: `deploy create` enumerates all volumes from all compose files
+in the stack and generates default host paths for any that aren't already
+mapped in the spec.yml `volumes:` section.
+
+**Actual**: Only volumes already in spec.yml get PVs. New volumes are silently
+missing, causing `FailedScheduling: persistentvolumeclaim not found`.
+
+**Workaround**: Manually add volume entries to spec.yml and create host dirs.
+
+**Files**: `deployment_create.py` (`_write_config_file`, volume handling)
+
 ## Architecture Refactoring
 
 ### Separate Deployer from Stack Orchestrator CLI

docs/cli.md

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ $ laconic-so build-npms --include <package-name> --force-rebuild
 
 ## deploy
 
-The `deploy` command group manages persistent deployments. The general workflow is `deploy init` to generate a spec file, then `deploy create` to create a deployment directory from the spec, then runtime commands like `deploy up` and `deploy down`.
+The `deploy` command group manages persistent deployments. The general workflow is `deploy init` to generate a spec file, then `deploy create` to create a deployment directory from the spec, then runtime commands like `deployment start` and `deployment stop`.
 
 ### deploy init
 
@@ -101,35 +101,91 @@ Options:
 - `--spec-file` (required): spec file to use
 - `--deployment-dir`: target directory for deployment files
 - `--update`: update an existing deployment directory, preserving data volumes and env file. Changed files are backed up with a `.bak` suffix. The deployment's `config.env` and `deployment.yml` are also preserved.
+- `--helm-chart`: generate Helm chart instead of deploying (k8s only)
 - `--network-dir`: network configuration supplied in this directory
 - `--initial-peers`: initial set of persistent peers
 
-### deploy up
+## deployment
 
-Start a deployment:
+Runtime commands for managing a created deployment. Use `--dir` to specify the deployment directory.
+
+### deployment start
+
+Start a deployment (`up` is a legacy alias):
 ```
-$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> up
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> start
 ```
 
-### deploy down
+Options:
+- `--stay-attached` / `--detatch-terminal`: attach to container stdout (default: detach)
+- `--skip-cluster-management` / `--perform-cluster-management`: skip kind cluster creation/teardown (default: perform management). Only affects k8s-kind deployments. Use this when multiple stacks share a single cluster.
 
-Stop a deployment:
+### deployment stop
-```
-$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> down
-```
-Use `--delete-volumes` to also remove data volumes.
 
-### deploy ps
+Stop a deployment (`down` is a legacy alias):
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> stop
+```
+
+Options:
+- `--delete-volumes` / `--preserve-volumes`: delete data volumes on stop (default: preserve)
+- `--skip-cluster-management` / `--perform-cluster-management`: skip kind cluster teardown (default: perform management). Use this to stop a single deployment without destroying a shared cluster.
+
+### deployment restart
+
+Restart a deployment with GitOps-aware workflow. Pulls latest stack code, syncs the deployment directory from the git-tracked spec, and restarts services:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> restart
+```
+
+See [deployment_patterns.md](deployment_patterns.md) for the recommended GitOps workflow.
+
+### deployment ps
 
 Show running services:
 ```
 $ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> ps
 ```
 
-### deploy logs
+### deployment logs
 
 View service logs:
 ```
 $ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> logs
 ```
 Use `-f` to follow and `-n <count>` to tail.
+
+### deployment exec
+
+Execute a command in a running service container:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> exec <service-name> "<command>"
+```
+
+### deployment status
+
+Show deployment status:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> status
+```
+
+### deployment port
+
+Show mapped ports for a service:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> port <service-name> <port>
+```
+
+### deployment push-images
+
+Push deployment images to a registry:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> push-images
+```
+
+### deployment run-job
+
+Run a one-time job in the deployment:
+```
+$ laconic-so deployment --dir <deployment-dir> run-job <job-name>
+```

docs/deployment_patterns.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ git commit -m "Add my-stack deployment configuration"
 git push
 
 # On deployment server: deploy from git-tracked spec
-laconic-so deploy create \
+laconic-so --stack my-stack deploy create \
   --spec-file /path/to/operator-repo/spec.yml \
   --deployment-dir my-deployment
 

stack_orchestrator/constants.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ network_key = "network"
 http_proxy_key = "http-proxy"
 image_registry_key = "image-registry"
 configmaps_key = "configmaps"
+secrets_key = "secrets"
 resources_key = "resources"
 volumes_key = "volumes"
 security_key = "security"

stack_orchestrator/data/compose-jobs/docker-compose-test-job.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+services:
+  test-job:
+    image: cerc/test-container:local
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    command: ["-c", "echo 'Job completed successfully'"]

stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/test/stack.yml

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ containers:
   - cerc/test-container
 pods:
   - test
+jobs:
+  - test-job

stack_orchestrator/deploy/deploy.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from stack_orchestrator.util import (
     get_dev_root_path,
     stack_is_in_deployment,
     resolve_compose_file,
+    get_job_list,
 )
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer import DeployerException
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer_factory import getDeployer
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ def create_deploy_context(
         compose_files=cluster_context.compose_files,
         compose_project_name=cluster_context.cluster,
         compose_env_file=cluster_context.env_file,
+        job_compose_files=cluster_context.job_compose_files,
     )
     return DeployCommandContext(stack, cluster_context, deployer)
 
@@ -403,7 +405,7 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
         stack_config = get_parsed_stack_config(stack)
         if stack_config is not None:
             # TODO: syntax check the input here
-            pods_in_scope = stack_config["pods"]
+            pods_in_scope = stack_config.get("pods") or []
             cluster_config = (
                 stack_config["config"] if "config" in stack_config else None
             )
@@ -477,6 +479,22 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
     if ctx.verbose:
         print(f"files: {compose_files}")
 
+    # Gather job compose files (from compose-jobs/ directory in deployment)
+    job_compose_files = []
+    if deployment and stack:
+        stack_config = get_parsed_stack_config(stack)
+        if stack_config:
+            jobs = get_job_list(stack_config)
+            compose_jobs_dir = stack.joinpath("compose-jobs")
+            for job in jobs:
+                job_file_name = os.path.join(
+                    compose_jobs_dir, f"docker-compose-{job}.yml"
+                )
+                if os.path.exists(job_file_name):
+                    job_compose_files.append(job_file_name)
+            if ctx.verbose:
+                print(f"job files: {job_compose_files}")
+
     return ClusterContext(
         ctx,
         cluster,
@@ -485,6 +503,7 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
         post_start_commands,
         cluster_config,
         env_file,
+        job_compose_files=job_compose_files if job_compose_files else None,
     )
 
 

stack_orchestrator/deploy/deploy_types.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class ClusterContext:
     post_start_commands: List[str]
     config: Optional[str]
     env_file: Optional[str]
+    job_compose_files: Optional[List[str]] = None
 
 
 @dataclass

stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployer_factory.py

@@ -34,7 +34,12 @@ def getDeployerConfigGenerator(type: str, deployment_context):
 
 
 def getDeployer(
-    type: str, deployment_context, compose_files, compose_project_name, compose_env_file
+    type: str,
+    deployment_context,
+    compose_files,
+    compose_project_name,
+    compose_env_file,
+    job_compose_files=None,
 ):
     if type == "compose" or type is None:
         return DockerDeployer(
@@ -54,6 +59,7 @@ def getDeployer(
             compose_files,
             compose_project_name,
             compose_env_file,
+            job_compose_files=job_compose_files,
         )
     else:
         print(f"ERROR: deploy-to {type} is not valid")

stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployment_create.py

@@ -265,6 +265,25 @@ def call_stack_deploy_create(deployment_context, extra_args):
                 imported_stack.create(deployment_context, extra_args)
 
 
+def call_stack_deploy_start(deployment_context):
+    """Call start() hooks after k8s deployments and jobs are created.
+
+    The start() hook receives the DeploymentContext, allowing stacks to
+    create additional k8s resources (Services, etc.) in the deployment namespace.
+    The namespace can be derived as f"laconic-{deployment_context.id}".
+    """
+    python_file_paths = _commands_plugin_paths(deployment_context.stack.name)
+    for python_file_path in python_file_paths:
+        if python_file_path.exists():
+            spec = util.spec_from_file_location("commands", python_file_path)
+            if spec is None or spec.loader is None:
+                continue
+            imported_stack = util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            spec.loader.exec_module(imported_stack)
+            if _has_method(imported_stack, "start"):
+                imported_stack.start(deployment_context)
+
+
 # Inspect the pod yaml to find config files referenced in subdirectories
 # other than the one associated with the pod
 def _find_extra_config_dirs(parsed_pod_file, pod):
@@ -477,6 +496,9 @@ def init_operation(
             spec_file_content["volumes"] = {**volume_descriptors, **orig_volumes}
         if configmap_descriptors:
             spec_file_content["configmaps"] = configmap_descriptors
+        if "k8s" in deployer_type:
+            if "secrets" not in spec_file_content:
+                spec_file_content["secrets"] = {}
 
     if opts.o.debug:
         print(
@@ -982,17 +1004,7 @@ def _write_deployment_files(
             script_paths = get_pod_script_paths(parsed_stack, pod)
             _copy_files_to_directory(script_paths, destination_script_dir)
 
-        if parsed_spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
+        if not parsed_spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
-            for configmap in parsed_spec.get_configmaps():
-                source_config_dir = resolve_config_dir(stack_name, configmap)
-                if os.path.exists(source_config_dir):
-                    destination_config_dir = target_dir.joinpath(
-                        "configmaps", configmap
-                    )
-                    copytree(
-                        source_config_dir, destination_config_dir, dirs_exist_ok=True
-                    )
-        else:
             # TODO:
             # This is odd - looks up config dir that matches a volume name,
             # then copies as a mount dir?
@@ -1014,9 +1026,22 @@ def _write_deployment_files(
                             dirs_exist_ok=True,
                         )
 
-    # Copy the job files into the target dir (for Docker deployments)
+    # Copy configmap directories for k8s deployments (outside the pod loop
+    # so this works for jobs-only stacks too)
+    if parsed_spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
+        for configmap in parsed_spec.get_configmaps():
+            source_config_dir = resolve_config_dir(stack_name, configmap)
+            if os.path.exists(source_config_dir):
+                destination_config_dir = target_dir.joinpath(
+                    "configmaps", configmap
+                )
+                copytree(
+                    source_config_dir, destination_config_dir, dirs_exist_ok=True
+                )
+
+    # Copy the job files into the target dir
     jobs = get_job_list(parsed_stack)
-    if jobs and not parsed_spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
+    if jobs:
         destination_compose_jobs_dir = target_dir.joinpath("compose-jobs")
         os.makedirs(destination_compose_jobs_dir, exist_ok=True)
         for job in jobs:

stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/cluster_info.py

@@ -72,15 +72,17 @@ def to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources: Resources) -> client.V1ResourceRequi
 
 class ClusterInfo:
     parsed_pod_yaml_map: Any
+    parsed_job_yaml_map: Any
     image_set: Set[str] = set()
     app_name: str
+    stack_name: str
     environment_variables: DeployEnvVars
     spec: Spec
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        pass
+        self.parsed_job_yaml_map = {}
 
-    def int(self, pod_files: List[str], compose_env_file, deployment_name, spec: Spec):
+    def int(self, pod_files: List[str], compose_env_file, deployment_name, spec: Spec, stack_name=""):
         self.parsed_pod_yaml_map = parsed_pod_files_map_from_file_names(pod_files)
         # Find the set of images in the pods
         self.image_set = images_for_deployment(pod_files)
@@ -90,10 +92,23 @@ class ClusterInfo:
         }
         self.environment_variables = DeployEnvVars(env_vars)
         self.app_name = deployment_name
+        self.stack_name = stack_name
         self.spec = spec
         if opts.o.debug:
             print(f"Env vars: {self.environment_variables.map}")
 
+    def init_jobs(self, job_files: List[str]):
+        """Initialize parsed job YAML map from job compose files."""
+        self.parsed_job_yaml_map = parsed_pod_files_map_from_file_names(job_files)
+        if opts.o.debug:
+            print(f"Parsed job yaml map: {self.parsed_job_yaml_map}")
+
+    def _all_named_volumes(self) -> list:
+        """Return named volumes from both pod and job compose files."""
+        volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        volumes.extend(named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_job_yaml_map))
+        return volumes
+
     def get_nodeports(self):
         nodeports = []
         for pod_name in self.parsed_pod_yaml_map:
@@ -257,7 +272,7 @@ class ClusterInfo:
     def get_pvcs(self):
         result = []
         spec_volumes = self.spec.get_volumes()
-        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        named_volumes = self._all_named_volumes()
         resources = self.spec.get_volume_resources()
         if not resources:
             resources = DEFAULT_VOLUME_RESOURCES
@@ -301,7 +316,7 @@ class ClusterInfo:
     def get_configmaps(self):
         result = []
         spec_configmaps = self.spec.get_configmaps()
-        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        named_volumes = self._all_named_volumes()
         for cfg_map_name, cfg_map_path in spec_configmaps.items():
             if cfg_map_name not in named_volumes:
                 if opts.o.debug:
@@ -337,7 +352,7 @@ class ClusterInfo:
     def get_pvs(self):
         result = []
         spec_volumes = self.spec.get_volumes()
-        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        named_volumes = self._all_named_volumes()
         resources = self.spec.get_volume_resources()
         if not resources:
             resources = DEFAULT_VOLUME_RESOURCES
@@ -394,15 +409,55 @@ class ClusterInfo:
             result.append(pv)
         return result
 
-    # TODO: put things like image pull policy into an object-scope struct
+    def _any_service_has_host_network(self):
-    def get_deployment(self, image_pull_policy: Optional[str] = None):
-        containers = []
-        services = {}
-        resources = self.spec.get_container_resources()
-        if not resources:
-            resources = DEFAULT_CONTAINER_RESOURCES
         for pod_name in self.parsed_pod_yaml_map:
             pod = self.parsed_pod_yaml_map[pod_name]
+            for svc in pod.get("services", {}).values():
+                if svc.get("network_mode") == "host":
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    def _resolve_container_resources(
+        self, container_name: str, service_info: dict, global_resources: Resources
+    ) -> Resources:
+        """Resolve resources for a container using layered priority.
+
+        Priority: spec per-container > compose deploy.resources
+        > spec global > DEFAULT
+        """
+        # 1. Check spec.yml for per-container override
+        per_container = self.spec.get_container_resources_for(container_name)
+        if per_container:
+            return per_container
+
+        # 2. Check compose service_info for deploy.resources
+        deploy_block = service_info.get("deploy", {})
+        compose_resources = deploy_block.get("resources", {}) if deploy_block else {}
+        if compose_resources:
+            return Resources(compose_resources)
+
+        # 3. Fall back to spec.yml global (already resolved with DEFAULT fallback)
+        return global_resources
+
+    def _build_containers(
+        self,
+        parsed_yaml_map: Any,
+        image_pull_policy: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> tuple:
+        """Build k8s container specs from parsed compose YAML.
+
+        Returns a tuple of (containers, services, volumes) where:
+        - containers: list of V1Container objects
+        - services: the last services dict processed (used for annotations/labels)
+        - volumes: list of V1Volume objects
+        """
+        containers = []
+        services = {}
+        global_resources = self.spec.get_container_resources()
+        if not global_resources:
+            global_resources = DEFAULT_CONTAINER_RESOURCES
+        for pod_name in parsed_yaml_map:
+            pod = parsed_yaml_map[pod_name]
             services = pod["services"]
             for service_name in services:
                 container_name = service_name
@@ -459,7 +514,7 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                     else image
                 )
                 volume_mounts = volume_mounts_for_service(
-                    self.parsed_pod_yaml_map, service_name
+                    parsed_yaml_map, service_name
                 )
                 # Handle command/entrypoint from compose file
                 # In docker-compose: entrypoint -> k8s command, command -> k8s args
@@ -483,6 +538,19 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                         )
                     )
                 ]
+                # Mount user-declared secrets from spec.yml
+                for user_secret_name in self.spec.get_secrets():
+                    env_from.append(
+                        client.V1EnvFromSource(
+                            secret_ref=client.V1SecretEnvSource(
+                                name=user_secret_name,
+                                optional=True,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                container_resources = self._resolve_container_resources(
+                    container_name, service_info, global_resources
+                )
                 container = client.V1Container(
                     name=container_name,
                     image=image_to_use,
@@ -501,11 +569,18 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                         if self.spec.get_capabilities()
                         else None,
                     ),
-                    resources=to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources),
+                    resources=to_k8s_resource_requirements(container_resources),
                 )
                 containers.append(container)
         volumes = volumes_for_pod_files(
-            self.parsed_pod_yaml_map, self.spec, self.app_name
+            parsed_yaml_map, self.spec, self.app_name
+        )
+        return containers, services, volumes
+
+    # TODO: put things like image pull policy into an object-scope struct
+    def get_deployment(self, image_pull_policy: Optional[str] = None):
+        containers, services, volumes = self._build_containers(
+            self.parsed_pod_yaml_map, image_pull_policy
         )
         registry_config = self.spec.get_image_registry_config()
         if registry_config:
@@ -516,6 +591,8 @@ class ClusterInfo:
 
         annotations = None
         labels = {"app": self.app_name}
+        if self.stack_name:
+            labels["app.kubernetes.io/stack"] = self.stack_name
         affinity = None
         tolerations = None
 
@@ -568,6 +645,7 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                     )
                 )
 
+        use_host_network = self._any_service_has_host_network()
         template = client.V1PodTemplateSpec(
             metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(annotations=annotations, labels=labels),
             spec=client.V1PodSpec(
@@ -577,6 +655,8 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                 affinity=affinity,
                 tolerations=tolerations,
                 runtime_class_name=self.spec.get_runtime_class(),
+                host_network=use_host_network or None,
+                dns_policy=("ClusterFirstWithHostNet" if use_host_network else None),
             ),
         )
         spec = client.V1DeploymentSpec(
@@ -592,3 +672,75 @@ class ClusterInfo:
             spec=spec,
         )
         return deployment
+
+    def get_jobs(self, image_pull_policy: Optional[str] = None) -> List[client.V1Job]:
+        """Build k8s Job objects from parsed job compose files.
+
+        Each job compose file produces a V1Job with:
+        - restartPolicy: Never
+        - backoffLimit: 0
+        - Name: {app_name}-job-{job_name}
+        """
+        if not self.parsed_job_yaml_map:
+            return []
+
+        jobs = []
+        registry_config = self.spec.get_image_registry_config()
+        if registry_config:
+            secret_name = f"{self.app_name}-registry"
+            image_pull_secrets = [client.V1LocalObjectReference(name=secret_name)]
+        else:
+            image_pull_secrets = []
+
+        for job_file in self.parsed_job_yaml_map:
+            # Build containers for this single job file
+            single_job_map = {job_file: self.parsed_job_yaml_map[job_file]}
+            containers, _services, volumes = self._build_containers(
+                single_job_map, image_pull_policy
+            )
+
+            # Derive job name from file path: docker-compose-<name>.yml -> <name>
+            base = os.path.basename(job_file)
+            # Strip docker-compose- prefix and .yml suffix
+            job_name = base
+            if job_name.startswith("docker-compose-"):
+                job_name = job_name[len("docker-compose-"):]
+            if job_name.endswith(".yml"):
+                job_name = job_name[: -len(".yml")]
+            elif job_name.endswith(".yaml"):
+                job_name = job_name[: -len(".yaml")]
+
+            # Use a distinct app label for job pods so they don't get
+            # picked up by pods_in_deployment() which queries app={app_name}.
+            pod_labels = {
+                "app": f"{self.app_name}-job",
+                **({"app.kubernetes.io/stack": self.stack_name} if self.stack_name else {}),
+            }
+            template = client.V1PodTemplateSpec(
+                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(
+                    labels=pod_labels
+                ),
+                spec=client.V1PodSpec(
+                    containers=containers,
+                    image_pull_secrets=image_pull_secrets,
+                    volumes=volumes,
+                    restart_policy="Never",
+                ),
+            )
+            job_spec = client.V1JobSpec(
+                template=template,
+                backoff_limit=0,
+            )
+            job_labels = {"app": self.app_name, **({"app.kubernetes.io/stack": self.stack_name} if self.stack_name else {})}
+            job = client.V1Job(
+                api_version="batch/v1",
+                kind="Job",
+                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(
+                    name=f"{self.app_name}-job-{job_name}",
+                    labels=job_labels,
+                ),
+                spec=job_spec,
+            )
+            jobs.append(job)
+
+        return jobs

stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/deploy_k8s.py

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
     type: str
     core_api: client.CoreV1Api
     apps_api: client.AppsV1Api
+    batch_api: client.BatchV1Api
     networking_api: client.NetworkingV1Api
     k8s_namespace: str
     kind_cluster_name: str
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
         compose_files,
         compose_project_name,
         compose_env_file,
+        job_compose_files=None,
     ) -> None:
         self.type = type
         self.skip_cluster_management = False
@@ -124,15 +126,24 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
         # Use deployment-specific namespace for resource isolation and easy cleanup
         self.k8s_namespace = f"laconic-{compose_project_name}"
         self.cluster_info = ClusterInfo()
+        # stack.name may be an absolute path (from spec "stack:" key after
+        # path resolution). Extract just the directory basename for labels.
+        raw_name = deployment_context.stack.name if deployment_context else ""
+        stack_name = Path(raw_name).name if raw_name else ""
         self.cluster_info.int(
             compose_files,
             compose_env_file,
             compose_project_name,
             deployment_context.spec,
+            stack_name=stack_name,
         )
+        # Initialize job compose files if provided
+        if job_compose_files:
+            self.cluster_info.init_jobs(job_compose_files)
         if opts.o.debug:
             print(f"Deployment dir: {deployment_context.deployment_dir}")
             print(f"Compose files: {compose_files}")
+            print(f"Job compose files: {job_compose_files}")
             print(f"Project name: {compose_project_name}")
             print(f"Env file: {compose_env_file}")
             print(f"Type: {type}")
@@ -150,6 +161,7 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
         self.core_api = client.CoreV1Api()
         self.networking_api = client.NetworkingV1Api()
         self.apps_api = client.AppsV1Api()
+        self.batch_api = client.BatchV1Api()
         self.custom_obj_api = client.CustomObjectsApi()
 
     def _ensure_namespace(self):
@@ -256,6 +268,11 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
                     print(f"{cfg_rsp}")
 
     def _create_deployment(self):
+        # Skip if there are no pods to deploy (e.g. jobs-only stacks)
+        if not self.cluster_info.parsed_pod_yaml_map:
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print("No pods defined, skipping Deployment creation")
+            return
         # Process compose files into a Deployment
         deployment = self.cluster_info.get_deployment(
             image_pull_policy=None if self.is_kind() else "Always"
@@ -293,6 +310,26 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
                 print("Service created:")
                 print(f"{service_resp}")
 
+    def _create_jobs(self):
+        # Process job compose files into k8s Jobs
+        jobs = self.cluster_info.get_jobs(
+            image_pull_policy=None if self.is_kind() else "Always"
+        )
+        for job in jobs:
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print(f"Sending this job: {job}")
+            if not opts.o.dry_run:
+                job_resp = self.batch_api.create_namespaced_job(
+                    body=job, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                )
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("Job created:")
+                    if job_resp.metadata:
+                        print(
+                            f"  {job_resp.metadata.namespace} "
+                            f"{job_resp.metadata.name}"
+                        )
+
     def _find_certificate_for_host_name(self, host_name):
         all_certificates = self.custom_obj_api.list_namespaced_custom_object(
             group="cert-manager.io",
@@ -384,6 +421,7 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
 
         self._create_volume_data()
         self._create_deployment()
+        self._create_jobs()
 
         http_proxy_info = self.cluster_info.spec.get_http_proxy()
         # Note: we don't support tls for kind (enabling tls causes errors)
@@ -426,6 +464,11 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
                     print("NodePort created:")
                     print(f"{nodeport_resp}")
 
+        # Call start() hooks — stacks can create additional k8s resources
+        if self.deployment_context:
+            from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployment_create import call_stack_deploy_start
+            call_stack_deploy_start(self.deployment_context)
+
     def down(self, timeout, volumes, skip_cluster_management):
         self.skip_cluster_management = skip_cluster_management
         self.connect_api()
@@ -574,14 +617,14 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
 
     def logs(self, services, tail, follow, stream):
         self.connect_api()
-        pods = pods_in_deployment(self.core_api, self.cluster_info.app_name)
+        pods = pods_in_deployment(self.core_api, self.cluster_info.app_name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace)
         if len(pods) > 1:
             print("Warning: more than one pod in the deployment")
         if len(pods) == 0:
             log_data = "******* Pods not running ********\n"
         else:
             k8s_pod_name = pods[0]
-            containers = containers_in_pod(self.core_api, k8s_pod_name)
+            containers = containers_in_pod(self.core_api, k8s_pod_name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace)
             # If pod not started, logs request below will throw an exception
             try:
                 log_data = ""
@@ -599,6 +642,10 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
         return log_stream_from_string(log_data)
 
     def update(self):
+        if not self.cluster_info.parsed_pod_yaml_map:
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print("No pods defined, skipping update")
+            return
         self.connect_api()
         ref_deployment = self.cluster_info.get_deployment()
         if not ref_deployment or not ref_deployment.metadata:
@@ -659,16 +706,10 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
 
     def run_job(self, job_name: str, helm_release: Optional[str] = None):
         if not opts.o.dry_run:
-            from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helm.job_runner import run_helm_job
-
             # Check if this is a helm-based deployment
             chart_dir = self.deployment_dir / "chart"
-            if not chart_dir.exists():
+            if chart_dir.exists():
-                # TODO: Implement job support for compose-based K8s deployments
+                from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helm.job_runner import run_helm_job
-                raise Exception(
-                    f"Job support is only available for helm-based "
-                    f"deployments. Chart directory not found: {chart_dir}"
-                )
 
                 # Run the job using the helm job runner
                 run_helm_job(
@@ -679,6 +720,29 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
                     timeout=600,
                     verbose=opts.o.verbose,
                 )
+            else:
+                # Non-Helm path: create job from ClusterInfo
+                self.connect_api()
+                jobs = self.cluster_info.get_jobs(
+                    image_pull_policy=None if self.is_kind() else "Always"
+                )
+                # Find the matching job by name
+                target_name = f"{self.cluster_info.app_name}-job-{job_name}"
+                matched_job = None
+                for job in jobs:
+                    if job.metadata and job.metadata.name == target_name:
+                        matched_job = job
+                        break
+                if matched_job is None:
+                    raise Exception(
+                        f"Job '{job_name}' not found. Available jobs: "
+                        f"{[j.metadata.name for j in jobs if j.metadata]}"
+                    )
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"Creating job: {target_name}")
+                self.batch_api.create_namespaced_job(
+                    body=matched_job, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                )
 
     def is_kind(self):
         return self.type == "k8s-kind"

stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/helpers.py

@@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ def load_images_into_kind(kind_cluster_name: str, image_set: Set[str]):
             raise DeployerException(f"kind load docker-image failed: {result}")
 
 
-def pods_in_deployment(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, deployment_name: str):
+def pods_in_deployment(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, deployment_name: str, namespace: str = "default"):
     pods = []
     pod_response = core_api.list_namespaced_pod(
-        namespace="default", label_selector=f"app={deployment_name}"
+        namespace=namespace, label_selector=f"app={deployment_name}"
     )
     if opts.o.debug:
         print(f"pod_response: {pod_response}")
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ def pods_in_deployment(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, deployment_name: str):
     return pods
 
 
-def containers_in_pod(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, pod_name: str) -> List[str]:
+def containers_in_pod(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, pod_name: str, namespace: str = "default") -> List[str]:
     containers: List[str] = []
     pod_response = cast(
-        client.V1Pod, core_api.read_namespaced_pod(pod_name, namespace="default")
+        client.V1Pod, core_api.read_namespaced_pod(pod_name, namespace=namespace)
     )
     if opts.o.debug:
         print(f"pod_response: {pod_response}")

stack_orchestrator/deploy/spec.py

@@ -115,11 +115,35 @@ class Spec:
     def get_configmaps(self):
         return self.obj.get(constants.configmaps_key, {})
 
+    def get_secrets(self):
+        return self.obj.get(constants.secrets_key, {})
+
     def get_container_resources(self):
         return Resources(
             self.obj.get(constants.resources_key, {}).get("containers", {})
         )
 
+    def get_container_resources_for(
+        self, container_name: str
+    ) -> typing.Optional[Resources]:
+        """Look up per-container resource overrides from spec.yml.
+
+        Checks resources.containers.<container_name> in the spec. Returns None
+        if no per-container override exists (caller falls back to other sources).
+        """
+        containers_block = self.obj.get(constants.resources_key, {}).get(
+            "containers", {}
+        )
+        if container_name in containers_block:
+            entry = containers_block[container_name]
+            # Only treat it as a per-container override if it's a dict with
+            # reservations/limits nested inside (not a top-level global key)
+            if isinstance(entry, dict) and (
+                "reservations" in entry or "limits" in entry
+            ):
+                return Resources(entry)
+        return None
+
     def get_volume_resources(self):
         return Resources(
             self.obj.get(constants.resources_key, {}).get(constants.volumes_key, {})

stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/deploy_webapp.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 
-from stack_orchestrator.util import error_exit, global_options2
+from stack_orchestrator.util import error_exit, global_options2, get_yaml
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployment_create import init_operation, create_operation
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deploy import create_deploy_context
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deploy_types import DeployCommandContext
@@ -41,19 +41,23 @@ def _fixup_container_tag(deployment_dir: str, image: str):
 def _fixup_url_spec(spec_file_name: str, url: str):
     # url is like: https://example.com/path
     parsed_url = urlparse(url)
-    http_proxy_spec = f"""
-  http-proxy:
-    - host-name: {parsed_url.hostname}
-      routes:
-        - path: '{parsed_url.path if parsed_url.path else "/"}'
-          proxy-to: webapp:80
-    """
     spec_file_path = Path(spec_file_name)
+    yaml = get_yaml()
     with open(spec_file_path) as rfile:
-        contents = rfile.read()
+        contents = yaml.load(rfile)
-        contents = contents + http_proxy_spec
+    contents.setdefault("network", {})["http-proxy"] = [
+        {
+            "host-name": parsed_url.hostname,
+            "routes": [
+                {
+                    "path": parsed_url.path if parsed_url.path else "/",
+                    "proxy-to": "webapp:80",
+                }
+            ],
+        }
+    ]
     with open(spec_file_path, "w") as wfile:
-        wfile.write(contents)
+        yaml.dump(contents, wfile)
 
 
 def create_deployment(

stack_orchestrator/util.py

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ def get_parsed_stack_config(stack):
 
 def get_pod_list(parsed_stack):
     # Handle both old and new format
+    if "pods" not in parsed_stack or not parsed_stack["pods"]:
+        return []
     pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
     if type(pods[0]) is str:
         result = pods
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ def get_job_list(parsed_stack):
 
 def get_plugin_code_paths(stack) -> List[Path]:
     parsed_stack = get_parsed_stack_config(stack)
-    pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
+    pods = parsed_stack.get("pods") or []
     result: Set[Path] = set()
     for pod in pods:
         if type(pod) is str:
@@ -153,15 +155,16 @@ def resolve_job_compose_file(stack, job_name: str):
         if proposed_file.exists():
             return proposed_file
         # If we don't find it fall through to the internal case
-    # TODO: Add internal compose-jobs directory support if needed
+    data_dir = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.joinpath("data")
-    # For now, jobs are expected to be in external stacks only
+    compose_jobs_base = data_dir.joinpath("compose-jobs")
-    compose_jobs_base = Path(stack).parent.parent.joinpath("compose-jobs")
     return compose_jobs_base.joinpath(f"docker-compose-{job_name}.yml")
 
 
 def get_pod_file_path(stack, parsed_stack, pod_name: str):
-    pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
+    pods = parsed_stack.get("pods") or []
     result = None
+    if not pods:
+        return result
     if type(pods[0]) is str:
         result = resolve_compose_file(stack, pod_name)
     else:
@@ -189,9 +192,9 @@ def get_job_file_path(stack, parsed_stack, job_name: str):
 
 
 def get_pod_script_paths(parsed_stack, pod_name: str):
-    pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
+    pods = parsed_stack.get("pods") or []
     result = []
-    if not type(pods[0]) is str:
+    if not pods or not type(pods[0]) is str:
         for pod in pods:
             if pod["name"] == pod_name:
                 pod_root_dir = os.path.join(
@@ -207,9 +210,9 @@ def get_pod_script_paths(parsed_stack, pod_name: str):
 
 
 def pod_has_scripts(parsed_stack, pod_name: str):
-    pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
+    pods = parsed_stack.get("pods") or []
     result = False
-    if type(pods[0]) is str:
+    if not pods or type(pods[0]) is str:
         result = False
     else:
         for pod in pods:

tests/k8s-deploy/run-deploy-test.sh

@@ -105,6 +105,15 @@ fi
 # Add a config file to be picked up by the ConfigMap before starting.
 echo "dbfc7a4d-44a7-416d-b5f3-29842cc47650" > $test_deployment_dir/configmaps/test-config/test_config
 
+# Add secrets to the deployment spec (references a pre-existing k8s Secret by name).
+# deploy init already writes an empty 'secrets: {}' key, so we replace it
+# rather than appending (ruamel.yaml rejects duplicate keys).
+deployment_spec_file=${test_deployment_dir}/spec.yml
+sed -i 's/^secrets: {}$/secrets:\n  test-secret:\n    - TEST_SECRET_KEY/' ${deployment_spec_file}
+
+# Get the deployment ID for kubectl queries
+deployment_id=$(cat ${test_deployment_dir}/deployment.yml | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
+
 echo "deploy create output file test: passed"
 # Try to start the deployment
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
@@ -166,12 +175,71 @@ else
     delete_cluster_exit
 fi
 
-# Stop then start again and check the volume was preserved
+# --- New feature tests: namespace, labels, jobs, secrets ---
-$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop
+
-# Sleep a bit just in case
+# Check that the pod is in the deployment-specific namespace (not default)
-# sleep for longer to check if that's why the subsequent create cluster fails
+ns_pod_count=$(kubectl get pods -n laconic-${deployment_id} -l app=${deployment_id} --no-headers 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
-sleep 20
+if [ "$ns_pod_count" -gt 0 ]; then
-$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
+    echo "namespace isolation test: passed"
+else
+    echo "namespace isolation test: FAILED"
+    echo "Expected pod in namespace laconic-${deployment_id}"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Check that the stack label is set on the pod
+stack_label_count=$(kubectl get pods -n laconic-${deployment_id} -l app.kubernetes.io/stack=test --no-headers 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
+if [ "$stack_label_count" -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo "stack label test: passed"
+else
+    echo "stack label test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Check that the job completed successfully
+for i in {1..30}; do
+    job_status=$(kubectl get job ${deployment_id}-job-test-job -n laconic-${deployment_id} -o jsonpath='{.status.succeeded}' 2>/dev/null || true)
+    if [ "$job_status" == "1" ]; then
+        break
+    fi
+    sleep 2
+done
+if [ "$job_status" == "1" ]; then
+    echo "job completion test: passed"
+else
+    echo "job completion test: FAILED"
+    echo "Job status.succeeded: ${job_status}"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Check that the secrets spec results in an envFrom secretRef on the pod
+secret_ref=$(kubectl get pod -n laconic-${deployment_id} -l app=${deployment_id} \
+    -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.containers[0].envFrom[?(@.secretRef.name=="test-secret")].secretRef.name}' 2>/dev/null || true)
+if [ "$secret_ref" == "test-secret" ]; then
+    echo "secrets envFrom test: passed"
+else
+    echo "secrets envFrom test: FAILED"
+    echo "Expected secretRef 'test-secret', got: ${secret_ref}"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Stop then start again and check the volume was preserved.
+# Use --skip-cluster-management to reuse the existing kind cluster instead of
+# destroying and recreating it (which fails on CI runners due to stale etcd/certs
+# and cgroup detection issues).
+# Use --delete-volumes to clear PVs so fresh PVCs can bind on restart.
+# Bind-mount data survives on the host filesystem; provisioner volumes are recreated fresh.
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes --skip-cluster-management
+# Wait for the namespace to be fully terminated before restarting.
+# Without this, 'start' fails with 403 Forbidden because the namespace
+# is still in Terminating state.
+for i in {1..60}; do
+    if ! kubectl get namespace laconic-${deployment_id} 2>/dev/null | grep -q .; then
+        break
+    fi
+    sleep 2
+done
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start --skip-cluster-management
 wait_for_pods_started
 wait_for_log_output
 sleep 1
@@ -184,8 +252,9 @@ else
     delete_cluster_exit
 fi
 
-# These volumes will be completely destroyed by the kind delete/create, because they lived inside
+# Provisioner volumes are destroyed when PVs are deleted (--delete-volumes on stop).
-# the kind container.  So, unlike the bind-mount case, they will appear fresh after the restart.
+# Unlike bind-mount volumes whose data persists on the host, provisioner storage
+# is gone, so the volume appears fresh after restart.
 log_output_11=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
 if [[ "$log_output_11" == *"/data2 filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
     echo "Fresh provisioner volumes test: passed"

tests/k8s-deployment-control/run-test.sh

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fi
 # The deployment's pod should be scheduled onto node: worker3
 # Check that's what happened
 # Get get the node onto which the stack pod has been deployed
-deployment_node=$(kubectl get pods -l app=${deployment_id} -o=jsonpath='{.items..spec.nodeName}')
+deployment_node=$(kubectl get pods -n laconic-${deployment_id} -l app=${deployment_id} -o=jsonpath='{.items..spec.nodeName}')
 expected_node=${deployment_id}-worker3
 echo "Stack pod deployed to node: ${deployment_node}"
 if [[ ${deployment_node} == ${expected_node} ]]; then

tests/scripts/install-kind.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # TODO: handle ARM
-curl --silent -Lo ./kind https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/v0.20.0/kind-linux-amd64
+curl --silent -Lo ./kind https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/v0.25.0/kind-linux-amd64
 chmod +x ./kind
 mv ./kind /usr/local/bin

tests/scripts/install-kubectl.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # TODO: handle ARM
-curl --silent -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
+# Pin kubectl to match Kind's default k8s version (v1.31.x)
+curl --silent -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.31.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
 chmod +x ./kubectl
 mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin

tests/scripts/run-test-local.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Run a test suite locally in an isolated venv.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   ./tests/scripts/run-test-local.sh <test-script>
+#
+# Examples:
+#   ./tests/scripts/run-test-local.sh tests/webapp-test/run-webapp-test.sh
+#   ./tests/scripts/run-test-local.sh tests/smoke-test/run-smoke-test.sh
+#   ./tests/scripts/run-test-local.sh tests/k8s-deploy/run-deploy-test.sh
+#
+# The script creates a temporary venv, installs shiv, builds the laconic-so
+# package, runs the requested test, then cleans up.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <test-script> [args...]"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+TEST_SCRIPT="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ ! -f "$TEST_SCRIPT" ]; then
+  echo "Error: $TEST_SCRIPT not found"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+REPO_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+VENV_DIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/so-test-XXXXXX)
+
+cleanup() {
+  echo "Cleaning up venv: $VENV_DIR"
+  rm -rf "$VENV_DIR"
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+cd "$REPO_DIR"
+
+echo "==> Creating venv in $VENV_DIR"
+python3 -m venv "$VENV_DIR"
+source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate"
+
+echo "==> Installing shiv"
+pip install -q shiv
+
+echo "==> Building laconic-so package"
+./scripts/create_build_tag_file.sh
+./scripts/build_shiv_package.sh
+
+echo "==> Running: $TEST_SCRIPT $*"
+exec "./$TEST_SCRIPT" "$@"